The primary historic evidence supporting Viking presence in North America around 1000 AD is based on archaeological findings, particularly at the site of L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland, Canada. Here’s a breakdown of the key evidence: 1. L'Anse aux Meadows Site Location: Newfoundland, Canada Description: Excavated in the 1960s, L'Anse aux Meadows is widely accepted as the site of a Viking settlement, dating back to around 1000 AD. Findings: Artifacts: Several artifacts of Norse origin have been found, including: A bronze cloak pin similar to those used by Vikings in Greenland and Iceland. Iron nails and rivets consistent with Viking ironworking techniques, used for ship repair or construction. Iron Production Evidence: Evidence of an iron forge, with iron slag and...

In Norse mythology, Hel is both a place and a goddess. The goddess Hel, daughter of Loki and the giantess Angrboda, rules over the realm also called Hel (or Helheim) in Niflheim, where many of the dead reside. The term "Hel" itself is cognate with the Old English hell, but Norse Hel and the Christian concept of hell diverge in significant ways. Here are a few points of overlap and distinction: Role and Rulership of the Dead Hel (Norse): Hel is a realm for those who do not die in battle, including those who pass from old age, illness, or other natural causes. It is often depicted as a cold, misty, and shadowy place rather than a fiery one. Hel,...

A Saga-Based Exploration: Loki, one of the most fascinating figures in Norse mythology, is often remembered for his cunning, shapeshifting abilities, and unpredictable nature. Yet, what makes him even more compelling is his extraordinary and diverse family. From monstrous creatures to gods, Loki’s offspring play pivotal roles in the mythological events, especially during Ragnarök. Alongside his children, his relationship with his wife Sigyn provides a glimpse into a contrasting side of Loki's chaotic existence. Let’s explore Loki’s unique family, focusing on each child and his wife as depicted in historical sources like The Poetic Edda, The Prose Edda, and other sagas. Sigyn – The Loyal Wife Sigyn, Loki's wife, is a relatively quiet figure in the mythological texts, yet her...

The tale of Norse exploration in North America, long relegated to the realm of legend and myth, has increasingly come under scrutiny from historians and archaeologists. For decades, evidence has been mounting that the Vikings, under the leadership of Leif Erikson and his peers, did indeed reach the shores of what is now Canada long before Christopher Columbus set sail (as seen in this painting from 1893). In this blog post, we’ll explore the compelling evidence supporting this claim and consider the reasons behind the Vikings' departure from these lands. The Evidence of Viking Presence Vinland: The Historical Accounts The primary source of our knowledge about Norse exploration in North America comes from the sagas of Icelanders, particularly the "Saga...

While we fully support Ukraine's independence (and have friends who live there), it is interesting to note that there is a lot of evidence that Russia's origins are directly connected to Ukraine, as well as connections to the Swedish Vikings that once ruled areas of Ukraine. Russian President Vladimir Putin (on this subject) once stated, "Kiev is the mother of all Russian cities." The connection between the word "Russia" and the Rus of Kyiv in Ukraine is a topic steeped in (Swedish) Viking history, cultural evolution, and political significance. To understand whether there is a direct connection between these two terms, we must delve into the origins of the Rus people, the historical development of Kievan Rus, and the etymological evolution of the...

There is no doubt that Swedish Vikings, known as the Rus of Kiev, once ruled the area now known as Ukraine. But there is also a theory that the original Russian royal family (particularly the Rurikid dynasty) was of Swedish Viking heritage. This theory is supported by a combination of historical texts, archaeological findings, and linguistic evidence. Several primary and secondary sources provide information on the Scandinavian roots of the Rurikid dynasty, and they contribute to the argument that the first Russian rulers were of Norse (and specifically Swedish) origin. Below are some of the key historic sources and evidence: 1. The Primary Chronicle (Tale of Bygone Years) Date: Early 12th century Author: Traditionally attributed to Nestor, a monk from Kiev. Content:...

When we think of Vikings, images of fierce warriors, longships cutting through misty waters, and horned helmets (a myth, by the way) often come to mind. But where did these seafaring people originate? The Vikings hail from Scandinavia, a region in Northern Europe that includes modern-day Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. Their story is one of exploration, trade, conquest, and cultural influence that has left a lasting impact on the world. The Scandinavian Homeland The Vikings emerged from the Scandinavian Peninsula around the late 8th century. This region, characterized by its rugged terrain, fjords, and harsh climate, shaped the Viking way of life. The Scandinavian people were primarily farmers, fishermen, and traders. However, due to the limited arable land and growing...

Norse mythology, rich with tales of gods, giants, and mystical creatures, is also home to the master artisans of the cosmos: the dwarves and elves. These beings, particularly the dwarves, are credited with forging some of the most powerful and magical items in the mythological world, including weapons, treasures, and even the tools of the gods themselves. These stories not only highlight the extraordinary craftsmanship of these mythical beings but also offer insights into the Norse understanding of magic, creation, and the balance of power. The Dwarves: Master Craftsmen of the Gods In Norse mythology, dwarves are often portrayed as master blacksmiths and craftsmen who dwell deep within the earth. Their skills in metallurgy and magic are unmatched, and they...

Ireland, with its lush landscapes and ancient lore, is also steeped in Viking history. The Norsemen left an indelible mark on the Emerald Isle, particularly between the 8th and 11th centuries. For those intrigued by Viking history, Ireland offers a treasure trove of museums and historic sites where the echoes of these seafaring warriors can still be felt. Here’s a guide to the most recommended Viking-related destinations in Ireland. 1. Dublin: A Viking Stronghold Dublin, originally known as Dubh Linn (meaning "Black Pool"), was founded by the Vikings in the 9th century and quickly became one of their most significant settlements. Today, Dublin offers several attractions that bring its Viking past to life: Dublinia Museum: Located at the heart of...

Ragnarök is a tragic and bloody end to the Norse pantheon, with the deaths of many central figures, including Odin, Thor, and Loki.  Below is a detailed list of who kills whom during this cataclysmic event, based solely on information from Icelandic sources.